This professional short course focuses on Nitrogen Injection application for Reservoir Pressure maintenance, Secondary and Tertiary Crude Oil Recovery. This course includes the latest experimental researches and field based activities using Nitrogen. It will be discussed in depth during this course the following: topics: Nitrogen minimum miscibility pressure concept, Laboratory determination of minimum miscibility pressure, Effect of gas-oil ratio and temperature on Nitrogen Injection for E.0. Furthermore, the Reservoir parameters to apply successfully Nitrogen Injection will be presented. The course will also review the concepts of gas revaporization mechanisms, typical pressure-temperature phase diagram for oil reservoirs, for low shrinkage oil reservoir and typical pressure-temperature phase diagram for gas reservoirs, typical P-T phase diagrams for retrograde condensate reservoirs and pressure maintenance by hydrocarbon gases and non-hydrocarbon gases. Analysis of Results from a compositional model will be included. During this course we will study the effects of mixing nitrogen and carbon dioxide compared with air, nitrogen and hydrocarbon gas injection from a recovery point of view.
I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE
II. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NITROGEN
III. HIGH-PRESSURE NITROGEN INJECTION IN CRUDE OILS
1. Nitrogen literature review
2. Power's experimental work with dissolved gas in oil
3. Solubility of various gases in crude oils
4. Solubility of N2 and other gasses In crude oil
5. Stock tank Oil produced prior to gas breakthrough as a function of reservoir pressure
6. Nitrogen Minimum miscibility pressure concept
7. Propane slug driven by N2 for E.0.R.
8. CO2 slugs driven by N2 for E.0.R.6.
9. Analysis of experimental laboratory studies and general experimental procedures.
10. Oil Ratio In solution and temperature effect on Oil Recovery
11. Gas Chromatographic System
IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL AND GAS RESERVOIRS FROM PHASE BEHAVIOR POINT OF VIEW
1. Pressure Maintenance by gas injection
1.1 - Non-hydrocarbon Gas Injection
1.2 - Condensate vaporization
1.3 - Revaporization Mechanisms
2. Revaporization Process during Gas injection for Pressure Maintenance
3. Review of Liquid-Vapor Equilibria
IV. EXPERIMENTAL-COMPOSITIONAL APPROACH TO STUDY DYNAMIC MISCIBILITY IN NITR0GEN INJECTION IN LIGHT TO MEDIUM CRUDE
1. The Nitrogen-Crude Oil Miscibility concept
2. Ternary Diagram concept representing Compositional changes in reservoir during Nitrogen Injection
3. Description of a compositional Model applied to pressure maintenance using hydrocarbon gases and non-hydrocarbon gases
4. Comparison of Experimental and simulated results using a compositional model
V. NITROGEN INJECTION LABORATORY STUDY
1. Reservoir Physical Model
2. Laboratory Systems to conduct Nitrogen Injection Investigation
3. Laboratory Procedures
4. Laboratory Results and Discussion of experimental Results
4.1 - High- pressure Nitrogen Displacement Process
4.2 - Effect of Temperature and Gas Oil Ratio on High Pressure Nitrogen Injection
4.3 - Compositional Profiles of the nitrogen injection process/Its interpretation
4.4 - Ternary Diagram Concept representing Compositional Changes in the reservoir during Nitrogen Injection
4.5 - Liquid and Vapor Viscosity of crude Oil under Nitrogen Influence
4.6 - Liquid and vapor density of Crude oil under nitrogen influence
4.7 - N2 Injection as a tertiary Recovery Method after Water Flooding
4.8 - Crude Oil Recovery by Propane Slug Driven by High-pressure Nitrogen Injection
4.9 - Conclusion and Recommendations
VI HIGH-PRESSURE N2 INJECTION FOR TERTIARY RECOVERY
VII. FIELD BASED ACTIVITIES
1. Pure Nitrogen Injection
2. Enriched Nitrogen Injection
3. Air Injection/ Flue Gas Injection
VIII. DISCUSSION OF NITROGEN PROCESS AND RESERVOIR PARAMETERS
IX. SOURCE, SUPPLY AND COST DATA UTILIZING N2 IN E.0.R. OPERATIONS
1. Availability and cost of Nitrogen
2. Availability and cost of Flue Gas
3. Cost comparison of Nitrogen/Flu gas gases
4. Sensitivity of the Nitrogen Injection Process to the following parameters:
4.1. - Plant Capacity
4.2. - Energy Cost per Unit of Output
4.3. - Project Duration
4.4. - Injection Pressure
4.5. - Plant Location
4.6. - Reservoir Characteristics
4.7. - Plant Complexity
4.8. - Process reliability
X. FINAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
1. Process parameters
2. Reservoir Parameters
